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BUV Publications is dedicated to showcasing and promoting the research of our faculty. This repository offers detailed information on research outputs, including descriptions and links to publications. Created to enhance public access to research, most of the items available here are open access, making them freely accessible to students.

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School of Computing and Innovative Technologies

User behaviour’s contribution to better Cyber Security Management

According to theoretical and empirical knowledge, cybersecurity awareness is a crucial issue in cyber security. The main actors in cyber security are people, and one way to reduce risk in cyberspace is to increase knowledge of security concerns. Companies lose money as a result of data breaches and production losses brought on by cyberattacks. Consequently, there has been a surge in research endeavours aimed at comprehending the cybersecurity behaviours of users. The benefit of knowing user behaviours is that researchers and security professionals may utilize this information to start altering behaviours for the sake of cybersecurity. Similar cybersecurity behaviours have been categorized by several research, while the naming systems used vary. Sanctions, a decline in customer loyalty, and damage to one's brand may all arise from data breaches. Business continuity is also impacted by cyberattacks, which make it difficult for organizations to maintain constant production. This paper aims to demonstrate that, in addition to computer science research, behavioural sciences that study user behaviours can offer useful strategies to improve cyber security and lessen the impact of attackers' social engineering and cognitive hacking tactics (i.e., disseminating misleading information). Thus, in this study, we provide fresh insights on the psychological characteristics and individual variances of computer system users that account for their susceptibility to cyberattacks and crimes. Our investigation shows that different computer system users have different cognitive capabilities, which affects their ability to defend against information security threats. In order to improve network and information security, we identify research gaps and suggest possible psychological techniques to help computer system users follow security requirements.

Author: Quang - Vinh Dang

Type: Journal Article

Published: 01/12/2025

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School of Business

Global Business Transformation – Innovation, Technology, and Sustainability

Many contemporary business models are now completely based on the idea of a circular economy or sustainability, where they extensively use technology to save resources, become more efficient, and leave a smaller carbon footprint on the planet. Thus, this book aims to bring the discussion of global business transformation, which is a need of the hour, to the forefront and highlight the use of modern technology in actively aiding businesses to become more sustainable. Global Business Transformation: Innovation, Technology, and Sustainability showcases the emerging economy context where innovation and technology are extensively used for business transformation to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It serves as a comprehensive resource to study the different dimensions of technology, such as AI, data mining, and machine learning from businesses that utilize disruptive technology to achieve sustainability. The book addresses a variety of challenges in the pursuit of global business transformation, which policymakers and experts at all levels of society need to understand well. It also provides an outline of the most pertinent issues and effects that Industry 4.0 is expected to bring to global organizations in the near future and highlights the role of government in streamlining the alignment between SDGs and technology during strategic business transformations globally. It further analyses the possible implications for international business practice and theory and examines the wider repercussions on employment, development, and ethics. Apart from being a valuable resource for researchers, students, and professionals involved in the corporate business, manufacturing, and industrial engineering sectors, this book will also be of interest to those in fields related to economics, psychology, management, strategy, political science, government bodies, sociology, NGOs, and other industrial organizations.

Author: Dr. Jyotsna Ghildiyal Bijalwan

Type: Book Chapter

Published: 08/09/2025

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School of Hospitality and Tourism

Platforming Cancel Culture, Digital Media, Identity and Cultural Intersections: Manufacturing Anger: Exploring Discursive Constructions of Cancel Culture on X in India

Platforming Cancel Culture: Digital Media, Identity and Cultural Intersections delves into one of the most polarizing phenomena of the digital age. Bringing together global, intersectional, and interdisciplinary perspectives, this edited collection unpacks the evolving dynamics of cancel culture, examining its practices and implications across diverse political and cultural landscapes. While some hail cancel culture as a tool for social justice, amplifying marginalized voices and calling out systemic inequalities, others critique it as performative virtue signalling or a form of censorship. This book navigates these tensions by analysing the complex interplay of digital platforms and governance mechanisms that shape cancel culture. It explores how platform architectures enable or resist cancel practices, how narratives and media discourses surrounding cancel culture are constructed and contested, and how these dynamics differ across national and cultural contexts. The contributors engage with cutting-edge research and offer localized insights from a range of contexts—including India, South Africa, China, Southeast Europe, the United States, and Russia—to challenge the universalizing assumptions often made about cancel culture. Methodologically diverse, the book employs sentiment and corpus analysis, digital ethnography, interviews, case studies, and critical cultural studies to provide a multifaceted examination of this volatile site of politics and cultural expression. By weaving together perspectives from the humanities, social sciences, and cultural studies, Platforming Cancel Culture presents a nuanced understanding of how cancel culture functions as a driver of accountability and a locus of contested power. This collection is an essential resource for scholars, students, and anyone seeking to critically engage with the intersections of digital media, culture, and identity in the 21st century.

Author: Nguyen Quang Minh Nguyet (book chapter), Páraic Kerrigan, Elizabeth Farries, Eugenia Siapera

Type: Book Chapter

Published: 27/08/2025

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School of Computing and Innovative Technologies

Towards a strengths-based PEER framework: how peer learning behaviours help develop ICT competencies in older adults

As populations age and digital technologies become increasingly embedded in everyday life, fostering ICT competencies among older adults is essential for promoting independence, social inclusion, and well-being. While peer learning has shown promise in supporting digital engagement, existing research often adopts a deficit perspective that emphasises limitations and barriers. This study takes a strengths-based approach, focusing on older adults’ capabilities and agency in peer-led ICT learning environments. Drawing on qualitative data from observations and interviews with learners and peer tutors at an older adult learning organisation, we identify four key strengths-based behaviours – Pioneering, Experiencing, Enabling, and Responding – that support ICT skill development. These behaviours are mapped to corresponding collaborative mindsets, forming the PEER framework. Our findings demonstrate how peer learning can empower older adults through mutual respect, practical engagement, emotional support, and responsiveness to individual needs. The study offers theoretical and practical contributions to the design of ICT programmes that build on older adults’ strengths.

Author: Nguyen Luu

Type: Journal Article

Published: 09/07/2025

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School of Business

An explorative study on intrinsic factors influencing decision-making and turnover intention with gender as moderating factor among call center employees in Malaysia

This study investigates intrinsic factors affecting employee turnover intention in Malaysian call centers, focusing on managerial empowerment, career growth, organizational commitment, and rewards management, with gender as a moderating factor. Drawing on Daniel Pink's motivation theory, which emphasizes autonomy, mastery, and purpose, the study explores how these intrinsic motivators impact employees’ decisions. A quantitative, cross-sectional approach was employed, gathering data via a web-based questionnaire distributed to 320 executive and management-level respondents using convenience sampling. Smart PLS 4 was used to analyze the relationships between variables, yielding key findings. Managerial Behavioral Empowerment (H1) significantly reduced turnover intention (β = -0.426, t = 4.151, p = 0.047), indicating that empowered employees are less inclined to leave, aligning with the importance of autonomy and purpose in retention. Contrary to expectations, Career Growth Opportunities (H2) did not significantly influence turnover intention (β = 0.079, t = 0.673, p = 0.001), raising questions about career development’s perceived value in call centers. Organizational Commitment (H3) negatively impacted turnover intention (β = -0.382, t = 2.222, p = 0.025), emphasizing that committed employees are less likely to leave, consistent with Pink’s purpose-driven motivation. Rewards Management (H4) also had a significant negative effect (β = -0.382, t = 2.311, p = 0.046), highlighting the importance of fair compensation in reducing turnover. Gender (H5) moderated these relationships (β = -0.094, t = 2.587, p = 0.042), indicating gender differences in responses to organizational policies. Findings highlight the roles of managerial empowerment, organizational commitment, and rewards management in reducing turnover, suggesting that organizations should prioritize these areas while also considering gender-specific retention strategies. Additionally, the non-significant impact of career growth suggests a need to better align development opportunities with employee expectations. These insights contribute to turnover theory and offer practical guidance for designing targeted, intrinsic-motivator-based retention interventions.

Author: Ganesh Ramasamy, Sri Sharmila Banu Dorai Raj, Abdul Rahman Bin S Senathirajah, Puvaneswary Ramasamy, Kumarashvari Subramaniam

Type: Journal Article

Published: 01/03/2025

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School of Business

Reducing cross-validation variance through seed blocking in hyperparameter tuning

Hyperparameter tuning plays a crucial role in optimizing the performance of predictive learners. Cross-validation (CV) is a widely adopted technique for estimating the error of different hyperparameter settings. Repeated cross-validation (RCV) is commonly employed to reduce the variability of CV errors. This study investigates the efficacy of blocking cross-validation partitions and algorithm initialization seeds during hyperparameter tuning. The proposed approach, termed Controlled Cross-Validation (CCV), reduces variability in error estimates, enabling fairer and more reliable comparisons of predictive model performance. We provide both theoretical and empirical evidence to demonstrate that this blocking approach lowers the variance of the estimates compared to RCV. Our experiments indicate that the algorithm’s internal random behavior often does not significantly affect CV error variability. We present extensive examples using real-world datasets to compare the effectiveness and efficiency of blocking the CV partitions when tuning the hyperparameters of different supervised predictive learning algorithms.

Author: Giovanni Maria Merola

Type: Journal Article

Published: 17/02/2025

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School of Computing and Innovative Technologies

Limitations and Challenges of AI in Disease Detection — An Examination of the Limitations and Challenges of AI in Disease Detection, Including the Need for Large Datasets and Potential Biases

Advancements in healthcare time have impelled the enhancement of novel techniques for affliction discovery, with a specific acknowledgment on leveraging counterfeit Insights (AI) and blockchain innovation. This paper investigates the blending of unified acing with blockchain to address the challenges of realities protection, security, and obligation in AI‐driven clutter location. Combined picking up information of permits collaborative adaptation tutoring over apportioned data resources without centralizing tricky realities, at the same time as blockchain innovation gives a tamper‐resistant and auditable report of truths exchanges. The collaboration among these innovation gives a versatile, privacy‐retaining, and straightforward system for collaborative healthcare AI investigate and change. By means of decentralizing adaptation tutoring and insights capacity, unified acing mitigates protection stresses related with conventional centralized forms. Each insights supply keeps control over its individual insights and takes part in form tutoring through collaboratively upgrading form parameters based completely on neighborhood records. This decentralized approach minimizes the risk of data breaches and administrative non‐compliance, cultivating believe and collaboration among healthcare bunches. In addition, blockchain era complements the security and straightforwardness of the combined getting to know method with the help of recording and approving form instruction exercises on a apportioned record. Unchanging and auditable data make certain the keenness and traceability of truths exchanges, encouraging peer appraisal and approval of AI‐driven affliction location structures. The combination of unified getting to know with blockchain gives a few favors over routine forms. Programmed administration and motivating force components within the combined learning arrange offer value and execution in realities sharing and demonstrate tutoring. Shrewd contracts streamline truths get right of section to authorizations and laud conveyance strategies, incentivizing lively cooperation from truths individuals. Additionally, the straightforwardness and auditability provided by implies of blockchain period improve the reproducibility and dependability of AI‐driven malady location frameworks. Analysts and controllers can get passage to irrefutable records of insights exchanges and demonstrate overhauls, encouraging straightforwardness and obligation in healthcare AI thinks about and change. Subsequently, the meeting of unified acing with blockchain speaks to a transformative move in healthcare AI advancement, giving a adaptable, privateness‐preserving, and self‐evident system for collaborative affliction location. Predetermination investigate headings comprise of in expansion optimization of combined learning calculations, investigation of progressed analytics procedures, and application of decentralized innovation in other healthcare space names. With the help of tackling the collective insights of dispersed data sources whereas shielding influenced individual security, this dynamic approach has the capacity to revolutionize healthcare shipping and improve persistent results.

Author: Anchit Bijalwan, Shailendra Singh Sikarwar

Type: Book Chapter

Published: 03/01/2025

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School of Business

An Economic Impact Analysis of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Nepalese Tourism Sector

Background: A considerable number of studies in the Nepalese context have revealed that Nepal’s tourism sector has been adversely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic; however, none of these studies have quantified these consequences in monetary terms. This assessment is expected to offer valuable insight for enhancing the resilience of tourism sector to future global disruptions and developing tailored policies to bolster the Nepalese tourism sector against external shocks. Objectives: This study addresses a critical gap in understanding the full economic ramifications of the Covid-19 pandemic in the Nepalese tourism sector by quantifying the primary, secondary and tertiary revenue losses. By providing a comprehensive assessment of the pandemic’s impact, this study aims to inform policymakers and industry stakeholders in developing tailored strategies for recovery and resilience. Methods: Secondary data are used in this study. It employs Stynes et al.’s (2000) revised money generation framework and the Keynesian macroeconomic multiplier approach to assess the actual and expected economic impacts of tourism activities in Nepal during the pandemic periods of 2020 and 2021. The actual value is determined using the actual tourism statistics, while the expected value is based on the targeted tourism statistics reported by the Ministry of Culture, Tourism, and Civil Aviation, Nepal. The difference between the two estimates is attributed to the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in those years. Results: This study reveals an expected revenue decrease of 1.038 billion US dollars in 2020 and 1.309 billion US dollars in 2021. In addition, the tourism multiplier values are declining in Nepal over the observed years. Conclusion: This study provides two key conclusions. First, the Nepalese tourism sector is susceptible to travel restrictions. Second, tourism revenue is being drained from the local economy due to the increasing importation of merchandise and services to satisfy the Nepalese tourism sector’s demand.

Author: Shashi Kant Chaudhary

Type: Journal Article

Published: 07/12/2024

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School of Business

The AI Assessment Scale (AIAS) in action: A pilot implementation of GenAI-supported assessment

The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technologies in higher education has raised concerns about academic integrity, assessment practices and student learning. Banning or blocking GenAI tools has proven ineffective, and punitive approaches ignore the potential benefits of these technologies. As a result, assessment reform has become a pressing topic in the GenAI era. This paper presents the findings of a pilot study conducted at British University Vietnam exploring the implementation of the Artificial Intelligence Assessment Scale (AIAS), a flexible framework for incorporating GenAI into educational assessments. The AIAS consists of five levels, ranging from “no AI” to “full AI,” enabling educators to design assessments that focus on areas requiring human input and critical thinking. The pilot study results indicate a significant reduction in academic misconduct cases related to GenAI and enhanced student engagement with GenAI technology. The AIAS facilitated a shift in pedagogical practices, with faculty members incorporating GenAI tools into their modules and students producing innovative multimodal submissions. The findings suggest that the AIAS can support the effective integration of GenAI in higher education, promoting academic integrity while leveraging technology’s potential to enhance learning experiences.

Author: Leon Furze, Mike Perkins, Jasper Roe, Jason MacVaugh

Type: Journal Article

Published: 16/10/2024

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School of Business

The Diverse Impact of Economic Digitalization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions Across Countries

This study examines the impact of economic digitalization on CO2 emissions by using the data of 100 countries from 2008 to 2019. First, we divide our sample into different income-level groups and use the Bayesian panel regression method to examine how economic digitalization can impact CO2 emissions in each group. Second, we conduct Bayesian quantile regression on the whole sample to determine how the different digital economies affect CO2 emissions across the quantile levels. The results obtained by the two approaches are consistent. We find that ICT infrastructure can increase CO2 emissions in the less-developed countries but help reduce CO2 emissions in the developed countries. ICT-related industry activities can help reduce CO2 emissions in nearly all the countries, but the impact differs across the countries. By contrast, ICT product and service exports can lead to an increase in CO2 emissions, but the effect is relatively small and will decrease gradually as the CO2 emissions level rises. Our results can provide helpful information and implications to policymakers to fully employ the advantages of economic digitalization to reduce CO2 emissions.

Author: Manh Cuong Dong, Thuy Linh Cao, Yeo Joon Yoon, Keunjae Lee

Type: Journal Article

Published: 03/06/2024

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